Here, this systematic review protocol aims to assess the side effects, safety and toxicity of vaccines against COVID-19. Among the potential risks raised in the context of COVID-19, vaccine development is the security and effectiveness of immune responses elicited by a vaccine. Developing any vaccine needs to ensure that safety risks are identified and quantified against potential benefits. 7Īssessing the safety, efficacy and side effects of the vaccine is urgently needed, and has been heavily scrutinised by the leading medical agencies around the world, like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration. 5 6 The viral vector (mRNA) vaccine encodes full-length S protein ectodomains of SARS-CoV-2, which contains both T and B cell epitopes that can induce cellular and humoral immune responses against viral infection. Vaccines against COVID-19 differ in composition and mechanism of action, which may be relevant for their safety and efficacy, being essential for the success and eradication of this infection. mRNA vaccines are stable-and can be easily produced in large quantities. The inactivated ones (dead microorganisms) are more stable than the attenuated ones, but they have a short duration of immunological memory that requires the association of adjuvants. Attenuated virus vaccines are based on weakened microorganisms, effective in stimulating the immune system. Most innovative vaccines have focused their efforts on inducing an immune response against the S protein. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus with a high mutation rate, and that on the envelope surface has three important structural proteins that can be identified: spike protein (S), envelope protein (E) and membrane protein (M). 3 To meet the urgent need for a vaccine, a reduction in the development schedule has been proposed from 10–15 years to 1–2 years. Strategies such as social isolation, personal hygiene and frequent hand washing have been implemented however, a protective vaccine is required to achieve sufficient herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection to ultimately control the COVID-19 pandemic. 1 Symptoms include fever, dry cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, chills, muscle pain, headache, gastric disorders and weight loss, often leading to death. It is a highly transmissible virus among humans that has become a significant public health issue. Women should be especially vigilant should they feel severe headache, stomach pain, or leg pain-all symptoms of blood clots-in the weeks following the vaccine.Ī similar, rare type of blood disorder emerged as an extremely rare side effect of the AstraZeneca vaccine, and was more frequent in women, as well.SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for a large number of global COVID-19 cases. Although the incidence is extremely rare (six out of 7 million shots), they all affected women. The CDC and Food and Drug Administration are still investigating whether the six cases of rare blood clot disease-of which one fatal-that emerged in the US following Johnson & Johnson vaccine shots were a side effect of the disease.
This includes women who are undergoing fertility treatments, although the recommendation is to avoid the vaccine in the three days before procedures such as egg retrieval, to give the body time to recover from the side effects and potential impact of fever on egg development. Pregnancy increases the risk of a Covid-19 infection turning severe, and if possible, women trying to conceive should get the vaccine before doing so. Still, doctors recommend women who observe significant changes in their periods after getting vaccinated to reach out to their doctors rather than simply dismissing it as a vaccine side effect. Fevers delays egg production, so it can determine a change in the cycle. However, when it comes to irregular periods, the cause might not be the shot per se, but the fever that might result from the vaccine.
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